Pathologies and Treatments

Cataract Surgery

SYMPTOMS
TREATMENTS
PROCEDURES
cirurgia de cataractes

Ocular cataract is one of the most common ocular disorders. It is defined as any opacity of the lens, a fundamental part of the ocular system. The lens focuses the light rays that enter the eye onto the retina and, over the years, it gradually loses transparency. Although ocular cataract tends to progress slowly, it is common for both eyes to eventually be affected, causing glare and a partial or complete loss of images. Cataract surgery may be necessary when vision is significantly affected.

Ocular cataract is a pathology of multifactorial origin, with age as the main risk factor. Various diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity, as well as other external factors such as smoking, malnutrition, and ionizing radiation, can contribute to the development of ocular cataracts.

In addition to senile cataract, other types of ocular cataracts may develop, such as congenital or infantile cataracts, those secondary to trauma, associated with metabolic disorders, or caused as a side effect of certain medications, such as corticosteroids.

Cataract surgery is the most common treatment to restore vision in advanced cases. This procedure is usually performed using minimally invasive techniques with a fast recovery. If you have severe ocular cataracts, cataract surgery may be the solution to improve your quality of life and vision.

Symptoms

The patient with cataract may experience glare and a partial or complete loss of vision, and it is the leading cause of visual impairment in the world.

Treatments

Despite the considerable effort invested in research, there is no pharmacological treatment that prevents or cures ocular cataract, which means that the definitive treatment remains surgical. Cataract surgery is the only definitive option to treat ocular cataract.

Ocular cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgery in ophthalmology. The surgical technique of choice for removing the ocular cataract is phacoemulsification, a procedure carried out through microincision and without sutures. Before surgery, we systematically perform a complete ophthalmologic examination with corneal topography, specular microscopy, and biometry.

The ocular cataract intervention is a quick, painless, effective procedure with minimal risks. The operation, performed on an outpatient basis and under local anaesthesia, consists of removing the contents of the opacified crystalline lens and replacing it with an intraocular lens of the appropriate power to correct the associated refractive error.

There are different models of intraocular lenses depending on the characteristics of the eye. Monofocal lenses have a single focal point: either near or far. When we replace the crystalline lens with a monofocal lens, distance vision improves significantly and complementary glasses are prescribed for near vision. Extended depth of focus (EDOF) lenses offer greater performance with few unwanted visual effects, while trifocal lenses correct distance, near, and intermediate vision.

We choose the most suitable type depending on the characteristics of the eye and the visual needs of each person, according to their preferences, activities, or profession. In cases of significant associated astigmatism, we use special lenses that correct it, known as toric lenses. These can be either monofocal or multifocal, depending on each particular case.

After the operation, many patients notice an extraordinary improvement, as the intervention not only corrects the ocular cataract defect but also refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and/or astigmatism that the patient may have.

At the Institut de la Màcula, we develop a personalised study for each patient. Based on the conclusions reached, we select the intraocular lens with the highest refractive precision for each patient, aiming to achieve the best possible visual quality after the intervention.

Phacoemulsification with monofocal, EDOF, or multifocal intraocular lens implant

Medicina regenerativa: Endoret

Con el tratamiento de medicina regenerativa Endoret propiciamos la reparación de la superficie ocular afectada por la sequedad ocular. Se trata de un plasma rico en factores de crecimiento para el tratamiento de las lesiones de la superficie ocular elaborado a partir de la sangre del mismo paciente. Con esta formulación individualizada se consigue una tolerancia completa y una efectividad óptima. Esta opción terapéutica revolucionaria es muy eficaz en casos de defectos epiteliales persistentes o úlceras corneales. Asimismo se puede aplicar después de una cirugía refractiva corneal, una cirugía ocular o en el Síndrome de Sjögren.

Procedures

Corneal Topography
Specular Microscopy
Aberrometry
Biometry

Medicina regenerativa: Endoret

Con el tratamiento de medicina regenerativa Endoret propiciamos la reparación de la superficie ocular afectada por la sequedad ocular. Se trata de un plasma rico en factores de crecimiento para el tratamiento de las lesiones de la superficie ocular elaborado a partir de la sangre del mismo paciente. Con esta formulación individualizada se consigue una tolerancia completa y una efectividad óptima. Esta opción terapéutica revolucionaria es muy eficaz en casos de defectos epiteliales persistentes o úlceras corneales. Asimismo se puede aplicar después de una cirugía refractiva corneal, una cirugía ocular o en el Síndrome de Sjögren.

Dra. Paula Verdaguer,

MD, PhD

Número de Col·legiat COMB: 40737

Ophthalmologist. Specialist in Cornea, Refractive Surgery, and Cataracts

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Last modified: 19/08/2025
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