Patologies

En condicions normals, l’humor vitri està adherit a la retina mitjançant una capa fina anomenada membrana hialoide posterior. Quan aquesta capa es separa, provoca un despreniment del vitri. De vegades, hi ha zones de la retina amb adherències fortes a la membrana hialoide posterior que romanen ancorades, tot i el despreniment del vitri. Això provoca

Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of hereditary eye diseases. It is characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptors, mainly the rods and the retinal pigment epithelium. This degeneration is caused by mutations in specific proteins and enzymes of the retina. Retinitis pigmentosa affects one in every 2,000 people and is the leading cause of total

When we talk about proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the disease is in its most advanced stage. The lack of proper blood supply to the retina leads to the growth of abnormal blood vessels, which break easily and cause bleeding in the vitreous cavity. In advanced stages, the proliferation of fibrovascular tissue is detected, which exerts traction

Diabetic retinopathy is currently the most common cause of vision loss of vascular origin. It is characterized by the deterioration of the blood vessels in the retina, which can manifest as fluid leakage and the appearance of diabetic macular edema and, in more severe cases, complete occlusion of the vessels, leading to severe retinal ischemia.

Retinal vein occlusions are the second most common cause of vascular retinal disease, after proliferative diabetic retinopathy. They are defined by dilation of the retinal veins, with hemorrhages, intraretinal edema, retinal ischemia, and macular edema. The main risk factors are the presence of cardiovascular diseases (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia). In young patients without these

La miopia patològica és un creixement anormal de l’ull associat a canvis degeneratius en l’estructura ocular. Quan la graduació supera les sis diòptries, es parla de miopia magna, que afecta el desenvolupament del segment posterior de l’ull. Aquesta malaltia pot causar complicacions com atròfia corioretinal, maculopatia miòpica i despreniment de la retina. També tendeix a

The term epiretinal macular membrane refers to the development of abnormal tissue on the surface of the retina. This posterior contraction leads to a loss of the normal anatomy of the macula. It can affect healthy eyes and be related to vitreous detachment (the gelatinous substance that fills the inside of the eye). It can

They are hemorrhages that occur in the space located beneath the retina. The visual prognosis of subretinal hemorrhages, also known as retinal hemorrhages, is highly variable depending on the cause and the time elapsed between diagnosis and treatment. The most frequent cause is age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Intraocular hemorrhage or ocular hemorrhage, also called vitreous hemorrhage, is bleeding inside the vitreous cavity. This is the internal area of the eye. The vitreous is a gelatinous and transparent substance that occupies two-thirds of the ocular volume. It is composed of 99% water. It borders posteriorly with the retina and anteriorly with the lens