{"id":7415,"date":"2025-06-16T10:32:43","date_gmt":"2025-06-16T08:32:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.institutmacula.com\/patologia\/cirurgia-refractiva\/"},"modified":"2025-06-30T16:47:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T14:47:10","slug":"refractive-surgery","status":"publish","type":"patologia","link":"https:\/\/www.institutmacula.com\/en\/pathology\/refractive-surgery\/","title":{"rendered":"Refractive Surgery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Refractive surgery aims to <strong>reduce or eliminate dependence on glasses or contact lenses<\/strong> permanently. It is a safe and effective option for correcting refractive errors such as <strong>myopia<\/strong>, <strong>hyperopia<\/strong>, and <strong>astigmatism<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We currently have various advanced surgical techniques that allow us to correct these errors <strong>and restore clear vision without the need for optical aids<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We mainly distinguish between two major types of refractive surgery:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Laser surgery<\/strong> on the cornea, usually indicated for mild to moderate degrees of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Surgery with the implantation of a phakic intraocular lens<\/strong>, indicated in cases with higher prescriptions or when laser surgery is not suitable due to specific ocular characteristics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Refractive Surgery Techniques<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Corneal Refractive Surgery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LASIK<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>LASIK is the most commonly used laser refractive surgery technique. It involves <strong>reshaping the cornea<\/strong> to alter the eye&#8217;s refraction. A corneal flap is first created, either mechanically or with a femtosecond laser, and then an <strong>excimer laser<\/strong> is used to sculpt the cornea according to the diopters to be corrected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the Institut de la M\u00e0cula, we use a high-precision excimer laser that allows us to perform <strong>customized treatments<\/strong> to improve visual quality and preserve as much corneal thickness as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LASIK refractive surgery is performed under topical anesthesia, <strong>is painless, lasts only a few minutes<\/strong>, and enables <strong>almost immediate visual recovery<\/strong>. Within a few hours, the patient can resume most daily activities without glasses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PRK<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is an excimer laser technique in which the cornea is reshaped <strong>on its outer surface<\/strong>, after the epithelium is removed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Its main advantages are simplicity, safety (no corneal incision is required), and precision. However, epithelial regeneration can cause mild postoperative discomfort during the first few days.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PRK is especially indicated for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Low myopia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thin or irregular corneas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Presence of superficial opacities to be removed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Refractive Surgery with Phakic Lens Implantation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ICL Lens Implant<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Phakic ICL lenses are an excellent alternative for patients with <strong>high myopia or hyperopia<\/strong> or for those who cannot undergo corneal laser surgery. These lenses are placed <strong>between the iris and the crystalline lens<\/strong>, without removing any natural eye structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The main advantage of the ICL lens is that it is a <strong>reversible and highly safe<\/strong> procedure, offering excellent visual quality. If there is enough intraocular space, high refractive errors can be corrected with great precision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently, due to their <strong>high predictability and safety<\/strong>, these lenses are also recommended for patients with moderate refractive errors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Preoperative Considerations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The choice of the most suitable refractive surgery technique for each patient depends on several factors. It is essential that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The refractive error is <strong>stable for at least one year<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The patient is <strong>over 18 years old<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is a <strong>clear motivation<\/strong> to stop using glasses or contact lenses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The surgeon evaluates:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The number of diopters<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The shape, curvature, regularity, and thickness of the cornea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The characteristics of the anterior segment of the eye<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The depth of the anterior chamber<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The overall condition of the ocular structures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>After a <strong>complete ophthalmological examination<\/strong> and the performance of specific complementary tests, the safest and most effective technique is determined for each case.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"categoria":[9],"class_list":["post-7415","patologia","type-patologia","status-publish","hentry","categoria-segment-anterior"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - 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