Intraocular hemorrhage or ocular hemorrhage, also called vitreous hemorrhage, is bleeding inside the vitreous cavity. This is the internal area of the eye. The vitreous is a gelatinous and transparent substance that occupies two-thirds of the ocular volume. It is composed of 99% water. It borders posteriorly with the retina and anteriorly with the lens […]
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Stargardt disease is an early degeneration of the retina of genetic cause. This disease mainly affects the macula. The macula is the part of the retina responsible for central vision. This vision is what we use to read, watch television, or recognize faces. Stargardt disease is the most common variant of inherited juvenile macular degeneration.
Diabetic macular edema is the inflammation and accumulation of fluid in the macula. The macula is the part of the eye responsible for central vision and fine detail vision, such as reading or recognizing faces. It occurs when the blood vessels in the retina leak fluid. The main cause of macular edema is associated with
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A large part of ophthalmology consultations are due to problems in ocular refraction. Most refractive errors are not diseases in themselves. They are small variations in the size or shape of the eye. These variations cause images to appear blurred, forcing the patient to use some kind of optical correction. One option to correct refractive
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Keratoconus is the most common non-inflammatory axial corneal ectasia. It is characterized by central or inferior paracentral thinning, which causes a progressive increase in corneal curvature. This results in myopia, irregular astigmatism, and conical apical protrusion. Keratoconus is the leading cause of corneal transplantation in young patients. The etiology is not fully known and is
A recurrent corneal erosion usually appears in eyes that have suffered a sudden, erosive, or puncturing injury (nails, paper cut, tree branch, etc.). They can also occur in eyes with pre-existing epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. The superficial injury produces an epithelial abrasion that heals quickly, without leaving clinical signs of the damage. After a variable
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In most dystrophies and corneal degenerations, changes in corneal transparency are detected, caused by the formation of deposits of abnormal materials. In some cases, when the cornea is more affected in terms of curvature and corneal thickness, ectasias such as keratoconus occur. The incidence of these diseases is generally low, although there are exceptions, such
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Corneal keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea, the anterior structure of the eye. The cornea is a transparent and avascular tissue. Its main characteristic is transparency, which allows light and images to pass into the interior of the eye. Keratitis can be superficial or ulcerative. The superficial type only affects the epithelium. The ulcerative
Retinal detachment has an incidence of approximately one in every 15,000 people. This event, which can occur at any age, is more frequent in myopic patients or those with a history of the disease. The retina is a thin layer that covers the inner part of the posterior wall of the eye, where the images
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Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a relatively common ocular condition. It affects both healthy young and adult individuals. It is characterized by a focal alteration in the permeability of the retinal pigment epithelium. This alteration causes fluid leakage from the choroid. The choroid is the layer of blood vessels beneath the retina. The fluid moves
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